主语补(足)语及注意点

一、特点及表示法

在带有主语补语的句中，谓语一般是被动语态。带有宾语补语的句子，改用被动语态表示时，则句中原来的宾语变为主语，原来说明直接宾语的宾语补语，就变成说明主语的主语补语。其表示法一般可概括如下：

有关动词被动态+主语补语（一般可用下列七种形式表示）

I. 用名词及其短语表示

1. This process is called evaporation. 这种过程叫做蒸发。比较：
   We call this process evaporation. 我们把这种过程称之为蒸发。（evaporation 为宾语补语）
2. Evaporation is considered a physical process. 蒸发被认为是一种物理过程。
3. He was elected monitor in our class. 他在我班被选为班长。
4. This law is named（或 termed）Ohm’s law. 这个定律称为欧姆定律。

II. 用形容词及其短语表示

1. Computers are considered very important to us. 计算机被认为对我们至关重要。 比较：People consider computers very important to us. 人们认为计算机对我们至关重要。（宾语补语）
2. The medicine must be kept dry. 这药品必须保持干燥。
3. It has been made clear when the video conference will be held. 已明确宣布何时举行电视会议。（句中 when 引出主语从句，而前面 it 为形式主语。）

III. 用动词不定式及其短语表示主语补语时，不定式动词前面都带 to。

1. Oil is known to be in the liquid state. 大家知道油处于液态。（未按原文结构翻译）比较：
   We know oil to be in the liquid state. 我们知道油处于液态。（宾语补语）
2. a. James was seen to buy the game software for his son. 有人看见詹姆士为他儿子买了游戏软件。（未按原文结构翻译）
   b. Efforts were made by Linda to develop software. 琳达为开发软件作出了努力。（本句内不定式短语却表示目的状语。为此必须注意上下文。）

Ⅳ. 用现在分词及其短语表示

1. They were seen playing video games. 曾有人见到他们在玩电子游戏。（未按原文结构翻译）比较：
   We saw them playing video games. 我们曾见到他们在玩电子游戏。（宾语补语）
2. The boy was found sleeping on the ground this morning. 今天早晨有人发现这男孩睡在地上。（意译）

V. 用过去分词及其短语表示

1. Sulfur is found combined with many metals. 硫被发现同许多金属化合在一起。（主语补语）比较：
   We find sulfur combined with many metals. 我们发现硫同许多金属化合在一起. （宾语补语）
2. The information industries are found well developed in our country. 人们发现信息产业在我国得到很好发展。

Ⅵ. 用 as 引出主语补语

1. This maybe taken as (being) a result of the revolution in computer hardware. 这可以当作是计算机硬件革新的一种结果。比较：
   We may take this as a result of the revolution in computer hardware. 我们可以把这当作计算机硬件革新的一种结果。（宾语补语）
2. This law is known as (或 is referred to as) the law of the sea. 这个法律通称为海洋法。
3. Electric current may be looked on as (或 seen as 或 regarded as) being a flow of electrons through a medium. 电流可以被视为电子在介质中的流动。（句中 being 可省略. ）
4. Water can be shown as containing impurities. 可以证明水含有杂质。（原义：水是可以被证明含有杂质的。）
5. An atom may be thought of as made up of nucleus and electrons. 原子可以被认为是由原子核和电子所组成的。

Ⅶ. 用介词短语表示

1. Petroleum is considered of much use for our chemical industry. 石油被认为对我们的化学工业大有用处。
2. Your medicine must be kept in the original. 你的药必须保持原状。
3. One layer of liquid was found past another. 发现有一层液体超越另一层液体。

二、注意过去分词短语和有时甚至名词后用 as 引出补语的情况

1. Those computers are advanced products known as the five main famous brands of computers. 那些计算机是高级产品，被称为五种主要名牌的计算机。
2. The overhead vapor is entirely condensed and split into two portions—one for use as overhead product and the other for return to the top plate as reflux. 塔顶蒸汽全部冷凝并分成两个部分：一部分作塔顶产品用，另一部分作为回流液返回塔顶的塔板上。（句中 use 和 return 为名词，作介词宾语。它们能像其动词一样，能通过 as 引出补语。）
3. I have taken over a job as a manager. 我已经接了当经理的工作。

三、注意某些不及物动词也能引出主语补语

1. James acted as project manager. 詹姆士当时担任项目经理。
2. Natural gas also serves as the important raw material for chemical industry. 天然气也用作化学工业的重要原料。