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Less(包括作“较不…”讲)的用法
Less(包括作“较不…”讲)的用法
一、less 是 little(小;少)的比较级
- He spends less time (in) doing experiments. 他做实验花时间较少。
- Such problems are of less importance. 这样一些问题比较不重要。
- The value of Y is no less than ten. Y 值不止 10。(本义为“决不小于 10”,表示多的意思。)
- The power is not less than 15 h. p. 功率不小于 15 匹马力。
- She says less but does more. 她说话较少,但做事较多。
- Negative figures are figures less than zero. 负数就是比零小的数。(斜体字部分为形容词短语作后置定语。)
- We regard her less as our teacher than as our friend. 我们把她看作我们的朋友,胜过我们把她看作我们的老师。
- He does not study English the less for its difficulty. 他并不因为英语难学就不想学了。(原义为:他不因为英语难而不怎么学。)
二、“less + 形容词或副词”构成劣等比较,作“较不…”讲
- It is less warm than (it was) last week. 天气不如上周那样暖和。
- He studies English less hard than before. 他学英语不如以前那样努力。
三、“no less + 形容词或副词”本义为“绝不+有关形容词或副词的反义词”。
- No less small 绝不大(这里 small 的反义词为“大”),no less slowly 绝不快,no less long 绝不短等
- A boat race is different from a horse race but no less exciting. 赛船不同于赛马,但决不逊色。
- Last year he studied very hard. Now he studies no less hard. 去年他学习很努力。现在他学习也绝不差劲。
四、less 作名词用,表示“较少量”、“较少数”之意
- They designed a couple of new-type air conditioners in less than a year. 他们用不到一年的时间设计了两台新型空调器。
- Less than ten of the thermometers remain. 这些温度计剩下来的不到十支。
五、less 作介词,当“不足”、“还差”讲
- Five less two leaves three. 五减去二余三。
- The time cycle is a year less three days.(时间)周期等于一年差三天。
- The voltage across RB is equal to VB less VA. 加在 RB 上的电压等于 VB 减去 VA。
六、带有 less 的一些常用词组用法举例
- a. He will be studying more or less a week. 他将学习一星期左右。
b. It’s more or less a mistake, really. 说真的,这多少是个错误。
c. We can learn more or less according as we study and work. 根据学习和 工作情况,我们可以学得多一点或少一点。
d. It is neither more nor less a lie. 那是十足的谎言。(斜体字部分原义是“不多也不少”。)- I speak no English, much less (或 still less) Spanish. 我不会讲英语,更不用说西班牙语了。(注意只用于否定句。第二部分也可改用下列三个短语中的任一个短语:to say nothing of Spanish, not to speak of Spanish 或 not to mention Spanish.)
注 1:在肯定句中要用 more 代替其中的 less。例如:I like chemistry, much more (或 still more) physics. 我喜欢化学,而更喜欢物理。
- He has fault, but we help him none the less (或 no less). 尽管他有缺点,我们还是(或仍旧)帮助他。
- We expect nothing less than a good harvest. 大丰收正是我们盼望的。
- Although he met with some difficulties, he was none the less sure of his success. 尽管碰到一些困难,但他依然坚信他会成功。
- They will be back in less than no time. 他们将马上回来。
注 2:最后再强调一点:lesser 不是 little 的比较级。little(形容词兼副词)的比较级应该用 less。但 lesser(“较小的”、“次要的”)大多用作定语。例如:a lesser river(小河),a lesser nation(小国)等。lesser 也可用以修饰形容词。例如:a lesser-known modern poet(一位名望较小的现代诗人)等。