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Ahead 的用法特点 | 新编英语阅读手册

Ahead 的用法特点

Ahead 的用法特点

一、副词 ahead 基本词义是“在前面”和“向前”。应注意它的引申含义

  1. His eyes stared straight ahead. 他的眼睛(那时)直盯住前方。
  2. He went on watching the road ahead. 他继续注视着前面的那条路。(后置定语)
  3. Looking ahead he decided to stick to his present job. 由于他看得远,就决定坚持干当前的工作。(Look ahead 是“向前看”,现引申为“看得远”。)
  4. Oil pollution control inched ahead in 1998. 1998 年石油污染控制进展较慢。(句中 inch ahead 本义为“一寸一寸地前进”,现引申为“进展缓慢”. )
  5. Ahead there is much work to be done. 当前有许多工作要做。(将 ahead 作“在前面”讲引申为“当前”、“眼前”。)
  6. a. They went ahead to clear the road of obstructions. 他们先走了一步以清除路上的障碍。(直译)
    b. Laser technology has gone ahead rapidly. 激光技术已迅速取得进展。(转译)
  7. This country began to push(或 press)ahead(或 toward)with its new policy. 这个国家开始推行新政策。(根据字面意思不难看出,push ahead 是“自己出力往前推”,press ahead 是“在有压力情况下挤向前”,而 with… 是活搭配,作“带着…”讲。最后译“推行…”是很恰当的,符合英语本义。)

二、立足于 ahead 的本义,正确理解有 ahead 的固定短语,ahead of…作“位置在……前面”、“时间比……早”讲

  1. There were three women ahead of him in the queue (或 line). (当时)有三位妇女排在他前面。
  2. She left two days ahead of me. 她比我先走两天。
  3. She finished her experiment ahead of the others. 她结束实验比别人早。
  4. The bus came ahead of time (或 ahead of schedule). 公共汽车提前到来。
  5. He is two classes ahead of me. 他比我高两班。
  6. a. They shot ahead of you in English. 他们在英语方面很快地超过了你。
    b. He shot ahead towards the end of the race. 赛跑近终点时他飞快冲到前面。(不及物动词 shoot 作“如箭或子弹一般地飞驰”讲,加上 ahead 本意就作“飞快向前冲”。为此,必须扩大 shoot 词义,不能局限于“发射”、“射出”,而应能联想到“如同箭或子弹那样快地飞驰”。又如:The rabit shot off. 兔子飞快地跑了。)
  7. We must look ahead. 我们必须向前看(或考虑未来)。
  8. It’s important for us to keep (或 remain, stay) ahead. 重要的是让我们继续保持领先。
  9. The soldiers are moving ahead. 战士们正走在前面。

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