Being 的用法和注意点

一、现在分词 being 的用法

I. “be 的现在时或过去时形式 + being + 过去分词”用于现在进行时被动态或过去进行时被动态中。注意英语不用将来进行时被动态，也不用各种完成进行时的被动态。

1. Inside the sun, matter is being changed to energy. 物质在太阳中不断地变为能量。
2. When we came into the factory，that multi media computer was being repaired by an engineer. 当我们进入工厂时，那台多媒体计算机正由一位工程师在修理。

II. being… 用于作定语，一般和过去分词连用，放在被说明名词后，表示进行时被动意义。

1. The instrument being repaired is a new type of measuring instrument. 正在被修理的这台仪器是一台新型的测量仪。
2. The house being built will be our new laboratory. 正在盖的那所房子将是我们的新实验室。

注意：上述两句中作后置定语的“being + 过去分词”结构有时还可相应地用 under repair 和 under construction 代替。又如 the problems being studied (或 investigated, discussed, considered 等) 就可改用 the problems under study (或 investigation, discussion, consideration 等) 来代替，并可分别译为“所研究的（或被调查的，所讨论的，被考虑的）这些问题等”。

III. being 用于状语，一般有逗号，翻译时常加表示状语的词汇，如 “由于…”、“…时”、“作为…”等。

1. Being very small, atoms cannot be seen by ordinary methods. 由于原子太小，用普通方法就不能见到原子。
2. (Being) Cooled in the air, this kind of steel becomes harder and harder. 这种钢在空气中冷却时，就变得越来越硬。
3. Being students of engineering, we need to know how to use modern computers. 我们作为工科学生，就需要懂得如何使用现代化的计算机。（句中 Being 还可用 As 代替。）
4. Scientists working with the ocean are now wondering whether the ocean can go on being the wastebasket for these unsafe remains. 从事海洋研究的科学家现在都想知道海洋是否还能继续成为容纳这些危险的残余物质的废纸篓。（本句中 being 则是 go on 后面要求使用 -ing 的固定用法。）

Ⅳ. being 用于独立分词结构，具有含蓄地表示各种状语的意味。（联系第 54 节有关广义的带有 -ing 的独立分词结构。）

1. The temperature being below 0℃, water turns into ice. 当温度低于 0℃ 时水就变为冰。（时间状语）
2. That being the case, we will have to make some alternations in the plan. 情况既然这样，我们就得把计划作一些更改。（原因状语）
3. Washing machines are built in various types, their functions being the same. 洗衣机可制成各种型式，虽然其功能相同。（让步状语）
4. The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit is low. 如果电阻很大，则电路内电流就小。（条件状语）
5. There are a large number of different shapes of machine tools, each being made for some particular kind of work. 各种机床的形状大不相同，每一种都是为特殊的一类加工而制作的。（伴随情况）

Ⅴ. being 用于介词后的复合宾语结构即“介词 + 名词或代词 + being +… ”中。这里 being 为现在分词。 （联系第 54 节、四、ⅩⅣ-B。）

1. The pressure of a gas varies inversely as its volume, with the temperature being constant. 在温度不变条件下，气体压强和体积成反比。
2. They insisted upon (或 on) their device being tested under the operating conditions. 他们坚持他们的装置要在运转条件下进行试验。
3. We are pleased at them being successful. 我们为他们成功而感到高兴。（若用 their 代替 them，则后面 being 为动名词。）
4. a. The current produced is the result of chemical energy being changed to electric energy. 所产生的电流是化学能变为电能的结果。
   b. Coal, petroleum, and electricity are all the sources of heat now being used. 煤、石油和电都是当前使用的热源。（与 a 句中相应结构相似，但本句中 being 短语为后置定语，而 a 句中 being 和前面名词 chemical energy 却构成复合结构。必须根据上下文进行逻辑判断。）

二、动名词 being 短语在句中顶一个名词用，可作介词宾语、动词宾语或主语用

1. Water has the property of dissolving sugar, sugar (has) the property of being dissolved by water. 水具有溶解糖的特性，糖则具有被水溶解的特性。（介词宾语）
2. The race result is far from being satisfactory. 赛跑结果远非令人满意。（介词宾语）
3. She does not like being treated unequally. 她不愿受到不平等的待遇。（动词宾语）
4. Not being able to speak English made her feel strange. 当时不会讲英语使她感到很不自在。（主语）
5. The basement smelled damp after being closed for such along time. 地下室关闭这么长时间，闻起来有潮湿气味。（介词宾语）

三、“be + being + 表语”用于表示一时的表现

1. He is not being modest today. 他今天表现不太谦虚。
2. They are being friendly. 他们这样做是为了表示友好。（意译）
3. He is being a good boy today. 他今天可是个好孩子。

四、“there being… ”结构的用法。参阅第105节三、四