Many 和 Much 的用法

一、many 和 much 都作“许多”讲，但 many 用于修饰可数名词，而 much 修饰不可数名词

1. In our view, China has many oil fields. 在我们看来，中国有许多油田。
2. There is much natural gas in the west of China. 中国西部有许多天然气。

二、代词 many 和名词 much 用法举例

1. Many of us were too tired to go further. 我们中间有许多人那时累得不能再接着走了。
2. Many of his students want to sum up the past experience before going on. 他的许多学生要总结一下过去经验再继续干。
3. Much of the waste acid is utilized. 废酸中大部分得到利用。

注：many of 和 much of 后要用定冠词；若接代词或专门名词，则就不必用 the。

三、“much (或 far) + 比较级”或“much (或 far) + too + 原级”分别作“…得多”和“远为太…”之意讲

1. The sun is much greater than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。
2. This problem seems much (或 far) more difficult than that one. 这个问题似乎比那个问题难得多。
3. We turned back a much (或 for) larger enemy force. 我们把力量强得多的敌人顶了回去。
4. The cost is much (或 far) too much for me. 这笔费用对我说来是太大太大了。

注：若净增加的东西是可数名词，则仍须用 many，而不用 much。例如：She has many more English books than I do. 她的英语书比我多得多。（意译）

四、副词 much 修饰动词、过去分词时作“十分”讲

1. We all love China very much. 我们大家都非常热爱中国。（不能用 very 代替 very much。）
2. We are much interested in heat utilization. 我们对热量利用十分感兴趣。（按美国英语也可用 very, very much. 又如：I am very much pleased. = I am very pleased. 我非常高兴。）

五、含有 many 或 much 的常用固定短语举例

1. a great (或 good) many + 可数名词复数许多（学生、学校等）
2. Those five days seemed to me as many years. 那五天对我好象等于五年一样。
3. I was in the least not surprised, for I had expected as much. 我（丝）毫不惊奇，因为我早已料到会有那么多事。（意思接近于 so much.）
4. There are as many people in your class as in our class. 你班和我班的人数相同。
5. You never get as much useful work out of a machine as you put into it. 你从机器得到的有效功，永远不会等同于你输入的功。
6. On the moon itself the force of gravitation is one sixth as much as it is on the earth. 在月球上重力是地球的六分之一。
7. I have twice as many books as he. 我有的书是他有的两倍。（指比他有的书多一倍。也可改用：I have as many books again as he.）
8. Many a child knows only that (或 so) much. 许多小孩只知道那么多。（详见下面注 2 解释。）
9. We cannot come, much as we would like to. 尽管我们很愿意来，但现在不能来。
10. He can hardly walk, much less run. 他几乎不能步行，更不用说跑步了。
11. There is nothing much she can do. 几乎没有什么事情她能做的。
12. This film is not up to much. 这部电影不怎么样。
13. Have you seen much of him recently? 你最近常见到他吗?

注 1：much 和 many 的比较级和最高级都是 more 和 most，详见第 67 节 “more (或 most) + 形容词或副词原级”还分别构成比较级和最高级。例如：more useful 较为有用的；most widely 最广泛地等。

注 2：“many a + 可数名词单数”用法特殊，举例如下：

1. Many a teacher often shows concern for us. He wants us to make progress everyday. 许多老师经常关心我们。他们要我们天天进步。（注意谓语用第三人称单数形式，代词用 he, his 等。）
2. Many a time have they been to Beijing. 他们去过北京多次。（注意 Many a time 作状语位于句首时，后面要求主语、谓语颠倒，因为 many a time 和 often 近义, often 位于句首时也引起主语、谓语颠倒。）

注 3：英语表示“许多…、大量…、一大群…、少量…、少许…、很少…等”同义或近义短语颇多，详见第 149 节。