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Rather 和 Fairly 的用法差异(联系近义词 Quite, Pretty)
Rather 和 Fairly 的用法差异(联系近义词 Quite, Pretty)
一、副词 rather 和 fairly 都可作“相当地”讲。但含义不同
- This is a rather (或 rather an) easy book. 这本书颇为浅易。(有过于浅易、也许不适当的意味。)
- This is a fairly easy book. 这是一本相当浅易的书。(有“因而,也许,适当”的意思。)
- We want a fairly large car. 我们要一辆相当大的汽车。(言下之意,不是小的,但也不是很大的,而是适度的大车。)
- This car is rather larger than we want. 这辆车比我们所需要的大了一点。(有不合适的意味。)
- That is a rather surprising result. (=That is rather a surprising result.) 那是一个相当惊人的结果。
- I know the rather tall student in your class. 我认识你们班里那个个子相当高的学生。(注意 rather 不能位于定冠词之前。试与上述第 1 句比较。)
注:以第 3 句中的 a fairly large car(相当大的汽车)为例,其中 fairly 还可用 quite, rather, pretty, very 代替。但它们并不属于同样一个水平,而是按上面这五个词的顺序逐渐加大。
二、rather 可用于比较级或 too(作“过分或太…”讲)之前,但 fairly 无此用法。
- I am rather better today. 我今天身体好得多了。
- The dress design is rather too difficult for me. 服装设计对我说来太难了。
三、or rather 用作插入语,表示“更正确地说”、“更精确地说”之意
- He arrived very early this morning, or rather, at four o’clock. 他今晨到达很早,更精确地说,清晨四点到达。
- Some people think that electricity is a fuel, but it is not. Rather, it is an indirect source of energy. 有些人认为电是一种燃料,但这是不对的。确切地说,电是一种间接的能源。
四、“would (或 had) rather”作“宁愿”、“愿”解,后接动词,也可后接不用 that 连接的宾语从句。在后一种情况下,从句谓语用过去时表示虚拟语气
- I would rather come earlier。我宁愿早点来。
- I would (或 had) rather you took him to hospital tomorrow. 我倒希望你明天送他住院。(从句必须用虚拟气语以表示主观意愿。)
- He would rather not depend on Mary until I am absolutely sure that she is trust worthy. 他宁可等到完全确信玛丽可靠,他才愿意依靠她。(否定句和后面 until 引出的从句连用,使句子译成肯定句。)
- We had (或 would) rather the students didn't conduct another experiment. 我们宁愿让学生不做另外一个实验。
注 1:rather than 详细用法见下面专题叙述。
注 2:fairly 作“相当地”讲,一般用于“好”的意思,如 fairly safe 相当安全,
fairly well 相当好地,fairly soon 相当快地。一般不说※fairly bad 或※fairly dangerous,(加 以示后面英语是错的)而要用 rather bad(相当坏)和 rather dangerous(相当危险)代替。但这不等于说,rather 只能用于“坏”的意思。rather* 也可用于“好”的方面。
注 3:fairly 的同形同音词作“公平地”、“完全地”、“简直”、“美观地讲”。例如:
1)We treat him fairly. 我们公平对待他。
2)She was fairly beside herself with joy. 她简直欣喜若狂。
3)They decorated the room fairly. 他们把房间装饰得很漂亮。