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Lest, In case 和 For fear that 引出从句的用法
Lest, In case 和 For fear that 引出从句的用法
一、连词 lest 引出消极的目的状语从句,谓语中包含 should(体现虚拟语气),并且还可省略
- We’ll have to use a new-type computer lest the production (should) be out of order. 我们将不得不使用新型计算机,免得生产发生故障。
- He must run fast lest he (should) miss the train. 他必须快跑,免得赶不上火车。
二、可用 for fear that 和 in case 等来代替 lest
- He locked up the document for fear that it (should) be stolen. 他把文件锁好了,免得被窃。(也可用 lest 代之。)
- You don't make a noise in case you (should) wake them. 你们别闹,免得惊醒他们。
- Take care lest you (should) fall. 当心不要跌倒。(也可用 Take care in order not to fall 或 Take care so as not to fall 代替。)
注意 lest 多用于书面语中,文体较古些。for fear that 比较通俗。口语中常用 in case 代替 lest。它们各自带的目的状语从句中一般都用 should 表示虚拟语气,并且这个 should 往往还可省略。
三、lest 用于 fear, afraid, worried 等词后连接一个从句
- I am afraid (或 worried) lest (= that) he should get here too late. 我怕(或担心)他到达这里太晚。(还可用 in (mortal) fear 代替 afraid。)
- By the end of 1956 she had waited for you ten years in sore fear lest you had died. 到 1956 年底,她已经等了你十年之久,生怕你已死去。