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Must 的主要用法
Must 的主要用法
一、情态动词 must 作“必须“讲,和 have to, need to 近义。否定式用 need not(或needn't ),作“不必”讲。若用 must not (或 mustn't),则作“不可以”、“不准”讲,有“禁止”的含义
- We must become one with the people. 我们必须和群众打成一片。
- You must work out a plan before doing any work. 做任何工作前,你必须制订计划。
- You needn't repair the beeper, for it operates quite normally. 你不必修理这个寻呼机,因为它工作很正常。
- You must not set fire to these materials. 你不可焚烧这些材料。
二、must 作“一定”、“准是”讲,表示推断
- This conclusion must be correct。这个结论一定是正确的。
- Since air has weight, it must press down on the surface of the earth. 既然空气具有重量,地球表面一定会受到它向下的压力。
- They must be piling things up. 他们准是在把东西堆起来。
- They must have swept off the dirt.(那时)他们准是已刷除污物。
- He must have been overdoing things a bit.(那时)他一定有点过于劳累了。(意译)
注:“must + 完成式动词”表示对过去情况的推断,参阅上述第4,5句。
三、用于过去时和将来时,一般以 had to 和 will have to 代替 must,只是偶尔用 must
- You had to set your house in order yesterday. 昨天你应该把你屋子收拾好。
- Tomorrow you will have to set to learning spoken English. 你明天必须开始学英语口语。
- At that time we must set him to act like that. 那时我们应该叫他那样做。(用 had to 比 must 更好。)
注:必须注意,表示主观上的“必须”,一般用 must;迁就客观的“必要”,则用 have to。此外,由于理论推测或循自然规律而产生什么结果,则用 must,而不要用 have to。再者,表示习惯动作一定要用 have to,而表示命令则只能用 must。试比较下列各句:
- I must go now or I shall lose my train. 我现在该走了,否则要误车。(表示主观上的“应该”)
- He must have gone home. 他一定是回家了.(对过去的事表示一种推测)
- We have to go to the office every day. 我们得每天去办公室。(表示习惯上的“必要”)
- You mustn’t do that. 你不可做那种事。(表示命令或禁止)