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Should 用法
Should 用法
一、should 用于第一人称将来一般时助动词 shall 的过去将来时(见第 134 节、四)
二、should 用于非真实条件从句中(详见第 143 节、三[假设情况汇总表])
三、should 作“应该”讲
- We should complete our test in time. 我们应按时完成试验。
- In sum, theory should be combined with practice. 总而言之,理论应与实践结合。
四、should 用于表示建议、要求、决定、命令等意义的主从复合句内,这时从句谓语一般是“should + 动词原形”,并且其中 should 常可省略
- They propose (或 demand, insist, decide, order) that you should read the rules carefully. 他们建议(或要求、坚持、决定、命令)(让)你们仔细阅读这些规则。
- It is necessary (或 important) that the the results of an experiment should be checked. 核对实验结果是必需的(或重要的)。
- They agree to the suggestion that our laboratory should be re-equipped. 他们同意让我们的实验室重新装备这个建议。
- Our demand is that accurate measurement should be made. 我们的要求是测量要准确。
五、should 用于 if 或 in case 引出的从句内,表示从句的内容将来不大可能实现。这时主句要用 would, should, could 或 might 与动词原形来配合,详见第 144 节、三
- If Sidney should come today, I would go to see the test tube twins together with him. 假如锡德尼果真今天前来,那么我就同他一起去看试管双胞胎婴孩。
- I took a notebook computer in case I should have time to get on-line. 我带了一个笔记本电脑,以备有时间就可上网。
六、should 用于 "for fear that…(唯恐……)"、"(for fear). lest…(免得 ……)”和 "for fear (lest)…(恐怕……)”引导的目的状语从句中。其中 should 常可省略
- Lest the wall (should) collapse, they went out of the house. 生怕墙倒坍,他们从房子里出来了。
- He places the instrument carefully on the table (for fear) lest it should fall down. 他把仪器小心地放在桌上,以免仪器掉下来。
- I must write down the names of the machines lest I (should) forget them. 我必须把这些机器名称写下来以免忘掉。
- Take an umbrella with you for fear (lest) it (should) rain. 带上雨伞,恐怕要下雨。
注:本类型从句不限于用 should,还可根据词义需要可换用 would, might 或 may 等。例如:The parents worried for fear that their children would (或 might) hurt. 家长当时很担心,怕他们的孩子会(或可能)受到伤害。
七、should 用来表示谦逊、客气、委婉语气等含义,常用于第一人称
- I should say it would be better to have a look at it again. 我倒是以为最好再看一下。
- I should be sorry to disturb you. 如果打扰你的话,那就真对不起了。
- I should think you are right. 我想你是对的。
- I should like to visit this place again. 我倒是愿意再次访问此地。
八、“should + have + 过去分词”表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作。其否定式则表示过去不该做而实际上已经做的动作。两者都含有劝告,甚至责备意思
- Those cells should have been kept in some dry places. 那些电池早就该放(或保存)在某些干燥的地方。(但实际上却没这样做。)
- You should not have kept those cells in the damp place. 你不该把那些电池放在那块潮湿的地方。(但实际上却已经做了。)
- You should not have gone back to work without the doctor’s permission. 未经医生许可,你本来就不应该回去工作。
- You should have been looking after the children. Why haven’t you? 你本应照看这些小孩。但为什么不看着他们呢?
九、should 用于表示惊奇和欣喜的句子中,表示“竟然”、“居然”等含义
- It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly. 真怪,这个轮的转动竟如此之慢。
- We are rejoiced that our calculations should be so accurate. 我们很高兴,我们的计算居然如此准确。
- Why should the door be locked? 为什么居然把门锁起来了?
- It is wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years. 这几年中你们竟然取得如此大的成就,真了不起!(注意这里主语从句内出现时间状语 in these years, 一般要求用现在完成时,而使用 should 是为了表示惊异、赞叹意味。因此这里不能仅按上述第八条来理解,而必须注意上下文。)
十、注意 "Why (或 How) + should + …" 句型表示“不能理解”的事
- Why should you speak so impolitely? 为什么你如此无礼貌地说话?
- How should we students know? 我们学生怎么会知道呢?
十一、should 引申用于表示“或许”、“最好(有劝告含义)”
- It should be about three o’clock. 现在也许三点钟左右。
- You should see a doctor. 你最好去看一下医生。
- You should be able to look around as you read this article and see some of these minerals. 当你读这篇文章时,你最好能往四周瞧瞧,并看到一些这样的矿物。