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Or, Or Else, Else 的用法
Or, Or Else, Else 的用法
一、or 作“或者”讲,连接两个同等成分
- Matter is anything like air, water or metals. 物质是像空气、水或金属之类的任何东西。
- Computers themselves don't know when to add, or subtract, or compare, or request input. 计算机本身不知道何时加、减、比较或要求输入。
二、or 作“即”、“就是”讲,引出同位语,表示 or 后面和前面是同一成分、同一内容或同一人、物(参阅第 146 节三和八)
三、用 "either… or…" 或者 "either… or else…”来表示“不是……(否则)便是……”之意
- Either you or I am about to go to Beijing. 不是你便是我要马上去北京。(注意用 am, 不用 are.)
- I’ll come and have lunch with you either to day or tomorrow. 我将回来和你一起吃午饭:不是今天便是明天。
- When a pure substance undergoes a chemical change, it either combines with other substances to produce a product of greater weight, or(else)it decomposes into two or more substances. 当一种纯物质经受化学变化时,它不是跟其它物质化合成重量较大的产物,(否则)便是分解为两种或更多种的物质。
四、or else, 单个 or 或单个 else 作“否则”讲
- Be quick or else (= otherwise) you’ll be late. 快,否则就要迟到了。
- Dress warmly or else (=if not) you’ll catch cold. 穿暖和些,否则(或不然话)你会感冒的。
- Drink this; else you will fall ill. 喝了它,否则你会病倒的。
- Do what as you are told, or else…. 按别人告诉你的做,否则…。(or else 后的词语省略,含威胁语气。)
五、"…or…" 作“不论…”讲,表示让步意义
- Yes or no, you must answer this question. 不论是与否,你总得回答这个问题。
- Fine or rainy (或 Rain or shine), we must go to the plant. 不论晴雨,我们一定去工厂。
六、和 or 连用的其它常见短语
例如:or rather 更确切地说,three kilometers or so 三公里左右,sooner or later 迟早,speak English more or lass 或多或少地讲英语,thirty kilometers more or less 30 公里左右 (=more or lass 30 kilometers), or vice versa 或者反过来(也是这样)等
七、副词 else 作“其他或其它”、“别的”讲,常用于疑问词、不定代词及不定副词的后面,翻译时一般加“(另外)还”、“另有”、“再有”等词
- Who else will come here?(另外)还有谁将到这里来?
- what else are you going to do? 你还准备做什么?
- Where else did Prof. Lu go? 卢教授还去了什么地方?
- Which else of you didn't hand in the homework? 你们中间还有哪一个没有交作业?
- When else will James come and see me? 詹姆士还将在什么时候来看我?
- Whose else could this pen be? 这支钢笔还能是谁的呢?
- How else could I have conducted the research? 我那时还能怎样进行这项研究呢?
- Maybe something else happened to her yesterday. 也许昨天她还发生了某件事。
- He must have told this to someone (或 somebody) else. 他准是把这件事告诉了另外某个人。
- It was a purely family matter, and concerned no one else. 这纯粹是家里的事,和任何外人无关。
- Everyone (或 Everybody) else but you has attended the welcome meeting. 除了你以外,所有其他人都参加欢迎会了。
- Nobody else but him could ever do such a thing. 除了他以外,就再没有人能够做这样的事。
- I ought to put it before all else. 我应该把它放在所有其它东西前面。
- He has not anything else (=nothing else) to say. 他再没有什么可说了。
- There is nowhere else(=not anywhere else)for me to go. 我无其它地方可去。
- I am going to take you somewhere else. 我打算带你去另外一个地方。
注:elsewhere 和 somewhere else 含义相同。例如:Those talk backs were found elsewhere (= some where else). 那些对讲机是在别处发现的。